Why Should I Care About Credit
Getting credit
is when a bank, credit union, or
other financial institution,
even a local department store,
makes you a loan - either when
they issue you a credit card or
when they give you a check for a
certain amount in the form of a
loan. When you get a credit card
or a loan it means that you're
borrowing money from them with
the understanding that you will
pay them back:
- a certain
amount -- either part of, or
the entire amount,
- at a
certain time -- when your
payment is due, typically on
a monthly basis,
- at a
certain cost -- how much
interest
What
does credit cost?
One of the
most important things to know
about using credit is that it
will cost you money. In addition
to the annual fee that most
credit cards charge you for
using their card, you also need
to know about something called
interest. When a bank or a
department store or a credit
union or a car dealership
approves you for a credit card
or gives you a loan they will
charge you a fee, called
interest, for borrowing their
money. That's why it's so
important that you not borrow or
charge more than you can afford
to pay back. And it's important
that you understand the terms of
the agreement - how long you
have to pay the loan back and
how much interest you'll be
charged on the loan.
Here's how
interest works. Say you have a
credit card. If you pay your
bill in full, every month, you
will not be charged any
interest. If, however, you pay
only a portion of your bill, the
credit card company will charge
you a percentage of the money
you owe for the balance
outstanding. For example, say
your credit card carries an
interest rate, also called the
annual percentage rate (APR), of
16%. (You can find the APR for
your credit card under the
"Terms" section on the back of
your monthly bill.) If you owe
$1,000 on a credit card charging
you 16% APR you'll end up owing
them approximately an additional
$160 a year or about $13 in
interest every month. You can
find the APR on your monthly
bill under a section entitled
"Finance Charges." The important
thing to remember is that
interest compounds. Let's say
that you've accumulated $3,500
in credit card debt at 16% APR.
If you don't charge anything
else and make $120 in payments
every month it will take you 37
months - more than 3 years - to
pay your bill off completely.
And you would have paid nearly
$4,430 - or about $930 in
interest.
Let's look at
another example. Let's say that
you've signed a car loan to buy
a new car from a local
dealership. You take out a
three-year loan for $18,000
charging 10%. That works out to
a monthly repayment of $580. In
this case the interest you'll
pay on the loan is fixed -
meaning that every month you'll
pay off a certain amount of the
original $18,000 you borrowed
plus a certain amount of
interest. At the end of three
years, you will have paid nearly
$2900 in interest. In other
words, you will have paid the
bank nearly $2,900 for borrowing
their money for three years.
Understanding
what credit is and how much it
can possibly cost you is
important.
So why
is it important to have good
credit?
Managing your
credit is extremely important to
your financial future. Having
good credit means that you have
a history of paying back your
debts and paying off your bills
in a timely manner. It shows
banks, stores, and other
institutions that you're
responsible with money -- that
you are willing and able to pay
your bills and pay off your
debts. Your history of paying
your bills on time and paying
your debt off is compiled into
something called a credit
report. Think of it as a report
card on your credit habit. Every
time you accept a credit card
offer, take on a student loan,
or sign up for a utility like
electrical or phone services,
those accounts are recorded by
the three major credit reporting
companies: TransUnion, Equifax,
and Experian.
Your credit
habits - good and bad -- are
then reported by the credit card
companies, utilities, etc. to
these three companies. So if you
regularly pay your credit card
bills on time or if you default
on your student loan or if you
pay the minimum amount of your
credit card every month, all of
that is recorded by the credit
reporting companies. Even things
like how often you move, change
jobs, whether or not you own a
home are all tracked on your
credit report.
Why is that
important to know? Because when
you go to apply for a loan, such
as a car loan or home mortgage,
the bank or the car dealership
will get a copy of your credit
report and use it as part of how
they decide whether or not to
approve you for a loan.
Employers and insurance
companies can also access and
use your credit report as a way
of determining whether or not to
hire you or to approve you for
an insurance policy.
Click here for more information
on how to get a copy of your
credit record.
The
dangers of accumulating a lot of
credit debt
Tania and Juan
got married when they were 23.
They always intended to be wise
with their money but let their
credit card spending get out of
control quickly. At first they
were just charging large items
like furniture for their
apartment, but then they started
using their credit cards for
smaller, everyday purchases like
dinners out, groceries, dry
cleaning, and renting movies.
Add in unexpected bills like car
repair or doctors' bills and
pretty soon instead of paying
their bills off in full, they
could only pay only a portion,
or even sometimes just the
minimum amount due. Using their
credit cards became a habit.
They started charging things
without realizing that by
charging them instead of paying
cash they were accumulating a
lot of debt. They didn't think
about how much it was costing
them in interest payments to
charge things that they should
have been paying cash for.
After a few
years they wanted to buy a home.
They sat down to figure out how
much savings they had and how
much debt they were carrying.
They were shocked to realize
that they owed over $11,500 just
in credit card debt. At an
interest rate of 16% if they pay
off just $100 a month it would
take them 115 months - that's 9
1/2 years! - to pay their card
off completely. And they would
be charged $7,781.67 in interest
to pay a total of $19,281.67!
According to
www.cardweb.com, Americans
carry, on average, $5,800 in
monthly credit card debt. To pay
that off by making only the
minimum monthly payment, it
would take 30 years to pay off.
And that amount would include
having to pay an additional
$15,000 in interest.
Tania and Juan
are among thousands of Americans
who have discovered the three
main dangers of accumulating a
lot of debt:
-
Accumulating debt affects
your ability to qualify for
future loans or your future
buying power. If you carry a
lot of debt or you're unable
to pay back existing debt it
will show up on your credit
report. If you have poor
credit (i.e. a history or
late payments, failing to
pay back a loan) it takes 7
years before it will be
cleared from your record.
Filing bankruptcy will stay
on your record for 10 years.
Why should you care about a
poor credit report? Banks,
lenders, car dealerships and
other financial institutions
use those reports to
determine whether or not
they'll loan you money. A
negative report affects your
ability to get approved for
a future loan to buy a car,
a home, etc.
-
Accumulating debt can
compound beyond your
control. Credit cards carry
interest rates. Interest, or
the money you owe on your
debt, compounds, or
multiplies. Interest
compounds quickly. Without
realizing it, you can find
yourself with debt that has
grown out of your control.
-
Accumulating debt drains
your ability to save and
invest for your future.
Every dollar that you owe
toward debt is a dollar that
you're not able to save and
invest. The sooner you're
able to begin saving and
investing the more money
you'll make toward your
financial goals such as
homeownership or retirement.
NOTE: Remember that when
you co-sign a loan or for a
credit card for a family member
it means that you're responsible
for paying that debt if he/she
doesn't. The bank will expect
you to pay off their debt. If
you have gotten divorced, or are
in the process of divorce,
you'll want to make sure that
you and your spouse have clearly
separated your financial
responsibilities, or you can be
held responsible for your
spouse's debt.
How
to establish good credit
Used wisely, credit cards can
help you establish a good credit
history, which can help you down
the line if you want to apply
for a loan. If you have credit
cards:
- Pay your
bills on time;
- Pay your
bills in full or at least
pay more than the minimum
amount due; and
- Reduce
the number of credit cards
or accounts you have open…in
other words, pay off a few
of those cards, cut them up
and then send a note to the
company that you want to
close the account. It's not
a bad idea to send a copy of
the letter to the three
major credit bureaus so they
know you've closed the
account.
Getting a credit card for the
first time
You probably get a credit card
offer in the mail almost every
day. Be careful before signing
up. You need to read the fine
print carefully. Remember that
what you're signing is a legally
binding agreement between you
and the credit company. You're
agreeing to pay back the company
on their terms. So you need to
know what the terms are! Here
are some things to look for:
- The
interest rate. Some will
offer in big letters on the
envelope an outrageously low
interest rate. Often that's
called a "teaser",
introductory, or promotional
rate. This is a very low
rate of interest that only
lasts for a short period of
time (like 30 to 90 days)
and then it's jacked up to a
much higher interest rate of
15, 18, 21% or more. If you
don't look at your bill
carefully you may not notice
the jump in interest charged
until your debt has
accumulated substantially.
Cards can also carry
different interest rates for
purchases and cash advances.
- Fees.
Credit cards can charge
annual fees, cash advance
fees, and late fees:
- (1)
Annual fees. This is a
fee charged for just
having the card. Some
cards charge no annual
fee. Others can charge
$35, $50 even $100 just
for the privilege of
using the card. These
fees are automatically
added in to your monthly
bill so you may not
notice if you're not
looking carefully.
- (2)
Cash advance fee. The
fee charged for
withdrawing money from a
bank or ATM charged to
your credit card. You
are typically given a
cash advance limit less
than your total credit
limit and may be charged
a higher interest rate,
in addition to a fee,
for using the cash
advance privilege.
- (3)
Late fee. If you are
late, or delinquent, in
making your payment, you
will be charged a fee
and your APR may also be
raised.
- Credit
and Cash Advance Limit. How
much is the maximum you're
allowed to charge, or
borrow, using the card? How
much cash are you allowed to
withdraw using the card?
Many credit cards
will now offer additional
benefits such as online access
where you can check your account
on the Internet, free gifts when
you open an account, and perks
like earning frequent flyer
miles or offers for services
like insurance policies.
There are
several ways to find a credit
card - through your local bank
or credit union; online; or
through a mail offer. Depending
on whether or not you have used
credit in the past you will be
offered a secured or unsecured
line of credit. A secured credit
card means that you'll need to
give the bank or company a
deposit of up to a few hundred
dollars. If you fail to pay your
bill they'll take money out of
the deposit to make the payment.
An unsecured credit card means
you won't be required to make a
deposit as a guarantee of
payment.
Ideally you want a credit card
with a low guaranteed interest
rate, no deposit required and no
annual fee required for using
the card. For more information
on applying for, and comparing
credit card interest rates check
out the following websites:
www.creditsourceonline.com
www.consumer-shopping-guide.com
www.bankrate.com/esp
www.cardweb.com
Establishing nontraditional
credit
You can build
good credit without having to
apply for, or get, a credit
card. It's called establishing a
nontraditional credit history.
There are several ways you can
begin establishing a good credit
habit:
- Stay with
your current job for a few
years.br>
- Pay your
utility bills, phone bills,
and rent on time. Keep
records and receipts of the
timely payments.
- Open a
checking or savings account
through your local bank and
maintain a more than minimum
balance.
- Apply for
a line of credit through a
small local store (such as a
local department store,
clothing store, appliance
store, etc.) and pay your
bills in full and on time.
Your
Rights as a Credit Consumer
You have
rights as a credit consumer! By
law, the Equal Credit
Opportunity Act (ECOA) prohibits
credit discrimination on the
basis of sex, race, marital
status, religion, national
origin, age, or receipt of
public assistance. Even if
you're asked for this
information, by law creditors
can't use it to deny you a loan.
You also cannot be denied a loan
or credit card, or charged a
higher interest rate simply
because, for example, you are a
Latino American or a woman. If
you are denied a loan you have
the right to find out why.
Lenders are also prohibited from
charging you a higher interest
rate on your loan because of
your race.
For more
information on your rights as a
consumer, check out the
following link to the Federal
Trade Commission's website:
www.ftc.gov/bcp/conline/pubs/credit/ecoa.htm
Tips for
Keeping Your Credit Habits Under
Control
- Try to
have only 1 or 2 major
credit cards
- Unless
you're trying to establish
credit for the first time,
don't get cards for
individual store accounts.
- Shop
around for the best,
lowest-cost credit card. By
doing some online research
you can find cards that
offer low interest rates, no
annual fees, and benefits
such as insurance, frequent
flyer programs and more. If
you've been a consistent
bill payer, call your credit
card company and ask them to
lower your interest rate or
even drop any fees
associated with your card.
- If you
don't pay your bill in full
after 3 months, cut your
cards up or stick them in
the freezer. By the time
they thaw out your urge to
buy may have subsided!
- Itemize
your credit card charges in
your checkbook - every time
you make a charge, enter it
into your check register.
That way you'll have
accounted for all your
charges and can pay off the
bill in full at the end of
the month.
- Nix the
cash advance privilege -
getting cash by using the
cash advance privilege on
your credit card can be an
extremely expensive way to
get cash quickly. Depending
on the terms of your credit
card, you may be charged a
different or higher interest
rate for the cash you
borrow. Try limiting use of
the cash advance privilege
to emergency uses only.
- Ask a
friend or a family member to
keep you "in check." If you
have a trusted friend or
family member who is good
with money, consider asking
them to help you out by
going over your credit card
bills every month. There's
nothing better to motivate
some people to keep their
spending under control if
they know someone else will
be taking a look at their
bill!
The key to
remember is that credit is not a
source of free money!
Establishing and maintaining
good credit is an important part
of wisely planning for your, and
your family's, financial future.
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